Brain tumours, whether benign or malignant, present complex challenges for diagnosis and treatment due to the critical functions controlled by the brain. Singapore, known for its advanced healthcare system and cutting-edge medical technology, offers comprehensive treatment options for brain tumour patients. This article explores the landscape of brain tumour treatment in Singapore, covering diagnosis, treatment modalities, specialist care, rehabilitation, and ongoing research efforts.

Understanding Brain Tumours

A brain tumour is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or its surrounding tissues. Tumours can be primary, originating in the brain, or secondary (metastatic), spreading from cancers in other parts of the body. The complexity of brain tumours lies in their diverse types and locations, which affect symptoms and treatment approaches.

Common symptoms prompting diagnosis include headaches, seizures, vision or speech problems, weakness, and cognitive changes.

Brain Tumour Diagnosis in Singapore

Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Singapore's healthcare system employs advanced diagnostic tools to precisely identify tumour type, size, and location:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): The gold standard for visualizing brain tumours with high resolution.

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scans: Useful for quick imaging, especially in emergencies.

• Biopsy and Histopathological Analysis: Tissue samples are analyzed to determine tumour grade and type.

• Molecular and Genetic Testing: To identify specific mutations for targeted therapies.

Singapore’s hospitals utilize multidisciplinary teams including neurologists, neurosurgeons, oncologists, and radiologists to ensure a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

Treatment Modalities Available in Singapore

Treatment plans in Singapore are highly individualized, depending on tumour type, size, location, and patient health. The main treatment options include:

1. Surgery

Surgical removal is often the first line of treatment for accessible tumours. Singapore boasts world-class neurosurgeons who perform:

• Craniotomy: Open surgery to remove tumours.

• Minimally Invasive Techniques: Using endoscopy or laser technology to reduce recovery times.

• Intraoperative MRI: Real-time imaging during surgery to maximize tumour removal while preserving healthy tissue.

2. Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy targets tumour cells using high-energy beams. Singapore’s advanced radiotherapy options include:

• Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS): A precise form of radiation that targets tumours without invasive surgery.

• Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT): Allows radiation doses to conform closely to the 3D shape of the tumour.

• Proton Therapy: Available at select centers, this technique minimizes radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissue.

3. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves drugs that kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Singapore’s oncology centers offer tailored chemotherapy regimens based on tumour biology.

4. Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

Singapore is at the forefront of adopting novel therapies that target specific genetic mutations or stimulate the immune system to attack tumour cells, particularly for malignant gliomas.

Specialist Care and Multidisciplinary Approach

Singapore’s approach to brain tumour treatment emphasizes collaboration across specialties. Patients typically consult a team comprising:

• Neurosurgeons

• Neuro-oncologists

• Radiation oncologists

• Neurologists

• Rehabilitation specialists

• Psychologists

This team ensures comprehensive care from diagnosis through treatment and rehabilitation, improving survival rates and quality of life.

Rehabilitation and Support Services

Post-treatment rehabilitation is vital for recovery. Singapore provides extensive rehabilitation services:

• Physical and Occupational Therapy: To restore motor skills and daily functioning.

• Speech Therapy: For patients with speech or swallowing difficulties.

• Neuropsychological Support: To help with cognitive impairments and emotional wellbeing.

• Support Groups: Patient and family counseling to cope with the emotional impact.

Research and Clinical Trials

Singapore invests heavily in brain tumour research, with institutions like the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS) and Singapore General Hospital leading clinical trials. Ongoing research focuses on:

• Novel drug development

• Precision medicine

• Advanced imaging techniques

• Immunotherapy and gene therapy

Patients in Singapore may have access to cutting-edge treatments through participation in clinical trials.

Accessibility and Cost Considerations

While Singapore is renowned for high-quality medical care, treatment costs can be significant. The government provides various healthcare subsidies and insurance schemes such as MediShield Life and Integrated Shield Plans to help ease financial burdens. Many hospitals also offer payment plans and financial counseling.

Conclusion

Brain tumour treatment in Singapore represents a blend of advanced technology, expert multidisciplinary teams, and patient-centered care. From early diagnosis to innovative therapies and rehabilitation, Singapore provides some of the best brain tumour management options in the region. With continuous research and a strong healthcare infrastructure, patients diagnosed with brain tumours have access to world-class care and hope for improved outcomes.